A group of physical and emotional symptoms that occur in the days or weeks leading up to menstruation. PMS is common among women of reproductive age, and symptoms can vary widely in severity from person to person.

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Even though it is a very common condition, it can still disrupt your daily life. You can consult a medical professional for advice and management of symptoms.

 

Here are some key points about premenstrual syndrome:

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Symptoms: 

• Common physical symptoms of PMS may include bloating, breast tenderness or swelling, headaches, muscle or joint pain, fatigue, changes in appetite or food cravings, and sleep disturbances.

• Emotional symptoms of PMS may include mood swings, irritability, anxiety, depression, tension, or difficulty concentrating. Some women may also experience changes in libido or sexual desire.

 

Causes:

• The exact cause of PMS is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve hormonal fluctuations, particularly changes in estrogen and progesterone levels, which occur during the menstrual cycle.

• Other factors that may contribute to PMS include changes in serotonin levels (a neurotransmitter that affects mood), underlying medical conditions (such as thyroid disorders), lifestyle factors (such as stress, lack of exercise, or poor diet), and genetic predisposition.

 

Management: 

• Treatment options may include lifestyle modifications (such as regular exercise, healthy diet, stress management techniques, and adequate sleep), medications (such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for pain relief, hormonal medications like birth control pills, or antidepressants for mood symptoms), and complementary therapies (such as acupuncture or herbal supplements).

• Identifying and avoiding triggers that worsen symptoms, such as caffeine, alcohol, or salty foods, may also help alleviate symptoms.