An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac that forms on the ovary. These cysts are quite common and usually harmless, often disappearing on their own without treatment. However, in some cases, ovarian cysts can cause pain or other symptoms, and they may require medical attention.

 

Here are some key points about ovarian cysts:​

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Types of Ovarian Cysts:

• Functional cysts are the most common type and usually form during the menstrual cycle. 

• Pathological Cysts are less common and can result from abnormal cell growth or other underlying conditions. Examples include dermoid cysts (which contain tissue like hair, skin, or teeth) and endometriomas (cysts caused by endometriosis, a condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus).

 

Symptoms: 

• Many ovarian cysts do not cause symptoms and are discovered incidentally during a pelvic exam or imaging test. However, if symptoms do occur, they may include pelvic pain or pressure, bloating, abdominal swelling or discomfort, changes in menstruation, pain during intercourse, and urinary urgency or frequency.

 

Diagnosis: 

• ​Ovarian cysts are often detected during routine pelvic exams or imaging tests such as ultrasound. If a cyst is suspected, additional tests may be performed to determine its size, shape, composition, and whether it is causing symptoms.​

 

Treatment: 

• Treatment for ovarian cysts depends on various factors, including the type and size of the cyst, whether it is causing symptoms, and the woman's age and reproductive status. Small, asymptomatic cysts may simply be monitored over time to see if they resolve on their own. Treatment options for symptomatic or larger cysts may include medications to relieve symptoms or surgical removal of the cyst.